Tumatirsanannen kayan lambu ne amma suna iya kamuwa da cututtuka iri-iri. Fahimtar wadannan cututtuka da kuma daukar ingantattun matakan kariya wani muhimmin mataki ne na tabbatar da ci gaban tumatir. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gabatar da dalla-dalla game da cututtuka na yau da kullum na tumatir da hanyoyin sarrafa su, da kuma bayyana wasu sharuddan fasaha masu dangantaka.
Tumatir Bacterial Spot
Tumatir Kwayoyin Spotkwayoyin cuta ne ke haifar da suXanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoriakuma yafi shafar ganye da 'ya'yan itace. A farkon matakan cutar, ƙananan wuraren ruwa suna bayyana akan ganye. Yayin da cutar ke ci gaba, tabo a hankali ya zama baki kuma launin rawaya ya zama halo a kusa da su. A lokuta masu tsanani, ganyen zai bushe ya fadi, kuma baƙar fata za su bayyana a saman 'ya'yan itacen, wanda zai haifar da lalacewa kuma yana shafar amfanin gona da inganci.
Hanyar watsawa:
Cutar na yaduwa ta hanyar ruwan sama, ruwan ban ruwa, iska da kwari, amma kuma ta hanyar gurbatattun kayan aiki da ayyukan mutane. A pathogen overwinters a cikin cuta saura da ƙasa da reinfects shuke-shuke a cikin bazara a lokacin da yanayi ne m.
Tumatir Bacterial Spot
Abubuwan da aka Shawarta na Magunguna da Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya:
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na jan ƙarfe: misali, jan ƙarfe hydroxide ko maganin Bordeaux, ana fesa kowane kwanaki 7-10. Shirye-shiryen Copper yana da tasiri wajen hana haifuwa da yaduwar kwayoyin cuta.
Streptomycin: Fesa kowane kwanaki 10, musamman a farkon farkon cutar, Streptomycin yana hana ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana rage haɓakar cutar.
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria kwayar cuta ce da ke haifar da tsinken tumatur da barkono. Ana yada shi ta hanyar ruwan sama ko kuma watsawar injina kuma yana mamaye ganye da 'ya'yan itacen shuka yana haifar da tabo mai ruwa wanda sannu a hankali ya zama baki kuma a lokuta masu tsanani yakan sa ganyen ya bushe ya fadi.
Tumatir Rot Rot
Tumatir rot rotAna haifar da cututtukan fungi iri-iri na ƙasa, kamar Fusarium spp. da Pythium spp. kuma yafi cutar da tushen. A farkon cutar, tushen yana nuna rot na ruwa, wanda sannu a hankali ya juya zuwa launin ruwan kasa ko launin baki, kuma a karshe tsarin tushen duka ya rube. Tsire-tsire masu cututtuka suna nuna girma, rawaya da bushewar ganye, wanda a ƙarshe yana haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Hanyoyin watsawa:
Wadannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna yaduwa ta cikin ƙasa da ruwa na ban ruwa kuma sun fi son ninka a cikin babban zafi da yanayin zafi. Ƙasar da ta kamu da cutar da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa sune hanyoyin farko na watsawa, kuma ana iya yada cututtukan ta hanyar kayan aiki, iri da ragowar shuka.
Tumatir Rot Rot
Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar magunguna da shirin jiyya:
Metalaxyl: Fesa kowane kwanaki 10, musamman a lokacin lokuta masu yawan kamuwa da cututtuka. Metalaxyl yana da tasiri a kan tushen rubewar da Pythium spp ke haifarwa.
Karbendazim: Yana da tasiri a kan nau'in fungi na ƙasa, kuma ana iya amfani da shi don magance ƙasa kafin a dasa shi ko kuma a fesa shi a farkon farkon cutar. Fusarium spp.
Fusarium spp.
Fusarium spp. yana nufin rukuni na fungi a cikin halittar Fusarium wanda ke haifar da cututtuka iri-iri, ciki har da tushen tumatir da rot. Suna yaduwa ta cikin ƙasa da ruwa, suna cutar da tushen da tushe na shuka, yana haifar da launin ruwan kasa da ruɓe na kyallen takarda, bushewar shuka, har ma da mutuwa.
Pythium spp.
Pythium spp. yana nufin rukuni na gyare-gyaren ruwa a cikin jinsin Pythium, kuma waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta yawanci suna yin mulkin mallaka da ruwa mai yawa. Suna haifar da rubewar tushen tumatur wanda ke haifar da launin ruwan kasa da rubewar saiwoyin da tsiron da ba su da tushe ko matattu.
Tumatir Grey mold
Tumatir Gray mold yana faruwa ne ta hanyar naman gwari Botrytis cinerea, wanda ke faruwa musamman a cikin mahalli. A farkon cutar, aibobi masu ruwa suna bayyana akan 'ya'yan itace, mai tushe da ganye, wanda a hankali an rufe su da wani nau'i na launin toka. A lokuta masu tsanani, ’ya’yan itacen suna ruɓe kuma suna faɗuwa, kuma mai tushe da ganyayen suna yin launin ruwan kasa kuma suna ruɓe.
Hanyar watsawa:
Ana yada naman gwari ta iska, ruwan sama, da tuntuɓar juna, kuma ya fi son haifuwa a cikin m, yanayi mai sanyi. Naman gwari yana overwinters akan tarkace shuka kuma yana sake cutar da shuka a cikin bazara lokacin da yanayi ya dace.
Tumatir launin toka mold
Abubuwan da aka Shawarta na Magunguna da Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya:
Karbendazim: Fesa kowane kwanaki 10 don aikin fungicidal mai fadi.
Iprodione: fesa kowane 7-10 kwanaki, yana da mafi iko iko a kan m mold. Iprodione iya yadda ya kamata sarrafa ci gaban da cutar da kuma rage 'ya'yan itace rot.
Botrytis cinere
Botrytis cinerea shine naman gwari wanda ke haifar da launin toka mai launin toka kuma yana shafar tsire-tsire iri-iri. Yana haɓaka da sauri a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano, yana samar da launin toka mai launin toka wanda da farko yana cutar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, furanni, da ganyaye, yana haifar da ruɓar 'ya'yan itace da lahani ga lafiyar shuka gabaɗaya.
Tumatir Grey Leaf Spot
Tumatir mai launin toka yana haifar da naman gwari Stemphylium solani. A farkon cutar, ƙananan launin toka-launin ruwan kasa suna bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, gefen ɗigon ya bayyana a fili, a hankali yana fadadawa, tsakiyar wuraren ya bushe, kuma a ƙarshe ya haifar da asarar ganye. A cikin lokuta masu tsanani, an toshe photosynthesis na shuka, girma yana raguwa, kuma amfanin gona ya ragu.
Hanyar watsawa:
Kwayar cutar tana yaduwa ta iska, ruwan sama da lamba kuma ya fi son haifuwa a cikin yanayi mai laushi da dumi. Kwayoyin cuta suna mamaye tarkacen shuka da ƙasa kuma suna sake cutar da tsire-tsire a cikin bazara lokacin da yanayi ya dace.
Tumatir Grey Leaf Spot
Abubuwan da aka Shawarta na Magunguna da Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya:
Mancozeb: Fesa kowane kwanaki 7-10 don ingantaccen rigakafi da kuma magance tabo mai launin toka.
Thiophanate-methyl: Fesa kowane kwanaki 10, tare da tasirin ƙwayoyin cuta mai ƙarfi. thiophanate-methyl yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tabo mai launin toka, yana iya sarrafa ci gaban cutar yadda ya kamata.
Stemphylium solani
Stemphylium solani shine naman gwari da ke haifar da tabo mai launin toka akan tumatir. Naman gwari yana haifar da tabo mai launin toka-kasa-kasa akan ganye, tare da gefuna daban-daban na tabo, kuma a hankali yana faɗaɗa don haifar da faɗuwar ganye, yana yin tasiri sosai ga photosynthesis da ci gaban shuka.
Tumatir rot
Tumatir yana lalacewa ta hanyar naman gwari Fusarium oxysporum, wanda galibi yana cutar da tushe na tushe. A farkon cutar, launin ruwan kasa yana bayyana a gindin tushe, a hankali yana fadadawa da rubewa, yana haifar da baƙar fata da bushewa a gindin tushe. A lokuta masu tsanani, shuka ya mutu kuma ya mutu.
Hanyar watsawa:
Ana yada cutar ta hanyar ƙasa da ruwan ban ruwa kuma ya fi son haifuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi da yanayin zafi. Ƙasar da ta kamu da cutar da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa sune farkon hanyoyin watsawa, kuma ana iya yada cutar ta hanyar tsaba, kayan aiki da tarkace na shuka.
Tumatir rot
Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar magunguna da shirin jiyya:
Metalaxyl: Fesa kowane kwanaki 7-10, musamman a lokacin lokuta masu yawan cututtuka.
Karbendazim: Yana da tasiri akan Fusarium oxysporum, musamman a farkon matakan cutar.
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium oxysporum shine naman gwari wanda ke haifar da ruɓaɓɓen tumatur. Yana bazuwa ta cikin ƙasa da ruwa kuma yana cutar da saiwoyi da tushe na shuka, yana haifar da nama ya zama launin ruwan kasa ya rube, yana haifar da bushewa da mutuwar shuka.
Tumatir mai tushe
Tumatir ciwon daji yana haifar da naman gwari Didymella lycopersici, galibi yana cutar da kara. A farkon cutar, alamun launin ruwan kasa mai duhu suna bayyana akan mai tushe, wanda sannu a hankali ya fadada kuma ya sa tushen ya bushe. A cikin lokuta masu tsanani, mai tushe yana tsagewa da ci gaban shuka yana hana, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Hanyar watsawa:
Kwayar cutar tana yaduwa ta cikin ƙasa, tarkace shuka da iska da ruwan sama, wanda ya fi son haifuwa a cikin yanayi mai laushi da sanyi. Kwayoyin cuta suna mamaye tarkace marasa lafiya kuma suna sake cutar da tsire-tsire a cikin bazara lokacin da yanayi ya dace.
Tumatir mai tushe
Abubuwan da aka Shawarta na Magunguna da Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya:
Thiophanate-methyl: fesa kowane kwanaki 10 don ingantaccen sarrafa ƙwayar cuta.Thiophanate-methyl yana hana yaduwar cutar da yawaitar cutar kuma yana rage yawan cutar.
Karbendazim: Yana da sakamako mai kyau na ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ana iya amfani dashi a farkon matakin cutar. carbendazim yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙwayar cuta kuma yana iya sarrafa ci gaban cutar yadda ya kamata.
Didymella lycopersici
Didymella lycopersici wani naman gwari ne da ke haifar da kumburin tumatur. Ya fi cutar da ciyawar, yana haifar da faci mai duhun launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a jikin mai tushe kuma a hankali yana bushewa, yana yin mummunar tasiri ga ruwa da jigilar kayan abinci na shuka, kuma a ƙarshe yana haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Tumatir marigayi blight
Tumatir na ƙarshen ƙuruciya yana haifar da phytophthora infestans kuma sau da yawa yakan barke a cikin m, yanayi mai sanyi. Cutar ta fara da duhu kore, tabo mai ruwa a cikin ganye, wanda da sauri ya fadada kuma ya sa ganyen ya mutu. Irin wannan spots suna bayyana akan 'ya'yan itacen kuma a hankali suna lalacewa.
Hanyar watsawa:
Ana yada cutar ta hanyar iska, ruwan sama da lamba, kuma ya fi son haifuwa a cikin m, yanayi mai sanyi. Kwayoyin cuta suna mamaye tarkacen shuka kuma suna sake cutar da shuka a cikin bazara lokacin da yanayi ya dace.
Tumatir marigayi blight
Abubuwan da aka Shawarta da Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya:
Metalaxyl: Fesa kowane kwanaki 7-10 don hana kamuwa da cuta a ƙarshen. metalaxyl yana hana yaduwar cutar kuma yana rage yawan cutar.
Dimethomorph: Fesa kowane kwanaki 10 don ingantaccen kula da latti. dimethomorph zai iya sarrafa ci gaban cutar yadda ya kamata kuma ya rage ɓacin 'ya'yan itace.
Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wacce ke haifar da busasshen tumatur da dankali. Wani nau'in ruwa ne wanda ya fi son yanayi mai laushi da sanyi, yana haifar da duhu kore, tabo mai ruwa akan ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu yaduwa da sauri kuma suna haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Tumatir ganye mold
Tumatir naman gwari yana haifar da naman gwari Cladosporium fulvum kuma yana faruwa musamman a cikin mahalli. A farkon cutar, launin toka-kore m ya bayyana a bayan ganyen, kuma akwai raƙuman rawaya a gaban ganye. Kamar yadda cutar ta taso, da mold Lyply ya fadada, yana haifar da ganyayyaki don juya rawaya ya faɗi.
Hanyar watsawa:
Kwayar cutar tana yaduwa ta iska, ruwan sama da lamba, kuma ya fi son haifuwa a cikin yanayi mai laushi da dumi. Kwayoyin cuta suna mamaye tarkacen shuka kuma suna sake cutar da shuka a cikin bazara lokacin da yanayi ya dace.
Tumatir ganye mold
Abubuwan da aka Shawarta na Magunguna da Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya:
Chlorothalonil: Fesa kowane kwanaki 7-10 don ingantaccen sarrafa ƙwayar ganyen Chlorothalonil shine babban maganin fungicides wanda ke hana yaɗuwa da yaduwar cutar.
Thiophanate-methyl: Fesa kowane kwanaki 10 don ingantaccen sarrafa ƙwayar ganye. thiophanate-methyl yana da tasiri wajen sarrafa ci gaban cutar da rage asarar ganye.
Ta hanyar amfani da masana kimiyya da masu ma'ana da matakan gudanarwa, ana iya sarrafa cututtukan tumatur yadda ya kamata da kuma hana su don tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaban tsiron tumatir, haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci.
Cladosporium fulvum
Cladosporium fulvum shine naman gwari wanda ke haifar da ƙwayar tumatir. Naman gwari yana karuwa da sauri a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai ɗanɗano kuma yana cutar da ganye, wanda ke haifar da launin toka-kore a ƙarƙashin ganyen da ɗigon rawaya a gaban ganyen, wanda ke haifar da abscission ganye a lokuta masu tsanani.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-28-2024
