Nau'in fungicides
1.1 Bisa ga tsarin sinadarai
Organic fungicides:Babban abubuwan da ke cikin waɗannan fungicides sune mahadi na halitta masu ɗauke da carbon. Saboda bambancin tsarin sa, kwayoyin fungicides na iya sarrafa nau'ikan cututtuka yadda ya kamata.
Chlorothalonil: m-bakan fungicide, wanda akafi amfani da kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari shuke-shuke.
Thiophanate-methyl: rigakafi da maganin cututtuka, wanda ya dace da bishiyoyi, kayan lambu da sauransu.
Thiophanate-Methyl 70% WP Fungicide
Inorganic fungicides:Inorganic fungicides sun fi hada da inorganic mahadi, kamar jan karfe, sulfur da sauransu. Wadannan fungicides ana amfani da su sosai a aikin gona kuma suna da tsawon lokacin saura.
Bordeaux ruwa: rigakafi da magani na cututtuka na itatuwan 'ya'yan itace, kayan lambu, da dai sauransu.
Sulfur: fungicides na gargajiya, ana amfani da su don inabi, kayan lambu, da sauransu.
1.2 Bisa ga tushen albarkatun kayan aikin fungicides
Inorganic fungicides:Ciki har da shirye-shiryen jan karfe da sulfur, ana amfani da waɗannan fungicides don sarrafa cututtukan fungal da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Copper oxychloride: sarrafa fungal da cututtuka na kwayan cuta.
Organic sulfur fungicides:Wadannan fungicides galibi suna kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar sakin hydrogen sulfide, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su don sarrafa mildew powdery da sauran cututtukan fungal.
Sulfur foda: kula da powdery mildew, tsatsa da sauransu.
Organophosphorus fungicides:Ana amfani da mahadi na Organophosphorus a cikin aikin gona don sarrafa cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da na fungal, tare da faffadan bakan da inganci.
Mancozeb: m-bakan fungicides, iko da iri-iri na fungal cututtuka.
Organic arsenic fungicides:Ko da yake suna da tasiri, yanzu an cire su saboda yawan gubar da suke da shi.
Arsenic acid: babban guba, yanzu an shafe shi.
Abubuwan da aka samo na Benzene fungicides:Wadannan fungicides sun bambanta da tsari kuma ana amfani da su don sarrafa cututtuka iri-iri, kamar mildew downy da powdery mildew.
Carbendazim: m-bakan fungicides, kula da itatuwan 'ya'yan itace, kayan lambu da sauran cututtuka.
Azole fungicides:Azole fungicides hana kira na fungal cell membranes don kashe pathogenic kwayoyin cuta, yadu amfani a cikin 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu kula da cututtuka.
Tebuconazole: babban inganci, wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin itatuwan 'ya'yan itace, sarrafa cututtukan kayan lambu.
Tsarin Fungicide Tebuconazole 25% EC
Fungicides na jan karfe:Shirye-shiryen jan karfe suna da tasirin ƙwayoyin cuta mai ƙarfi, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su wajen sarrafa cututtukan fungal da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Copper hydroxide: kula da itatuwan 'ya'yan itace, kayan lambu da sauran cututtuka.
Kwayoyin fungicides:Magungunan rigakafi da ƙwayoyin cuta ke samarwa, irin su streptomycin da tetracycline, galibi ana amfani da su don sarrafa cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Streptomycin: kula da cututtuka na kwayan cuta.
Hadaddiyar fungicides:Haɗa nau'ikan fungicides daban-daban na iya haɓaka tasirin fungicidal kuma rage juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta.
Zineb: fili fungicides, sarrafa nau'in cututtukan fungal iri-iri.
Kariyar amfanin gona Fungicides Zineb 80% WP
Sauran fungicides:Ciki har da wasu sababbi da na musamman na fungicides, irin su tsantsar ciyayi da magungunan halitta.
Itacen shayi mai mahimmanci: narkar da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ƙwayoyin cuta masu fa'ida.
1.3 Dangane da hanyar amfani
Wakilan kariya: ana amfani da shi don hana faruwar cututtuka.
Bordeaux cakuda: Ya sanya daga jan karfe sulfate da lemun tsami, yana da m-bakan bactericidal sakamako da aka yafi amfani da su hana fungal da kwayan cututtuka na 'ya'yan itace itatuwa, kayan lambu da kuma sauran amfanin gona.
Sulfur dakatar: babban abun ciki shine sulfur, ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin rigakafi da sarrafa yawancin cututtukan fungal, irin su powdery mildew, tsatsa da sauransu.
Magungunan warkewa: ana amfani da su don magance cututtuka da suka riga sun faru.
Carbendazim: babban fungicides mai fadi tare da rigakafi da tasirin warkewa, wanda aka saba amfani dashi don rigakafi da sarrafa bishiyoyi, kayan lambu da sauran cututtukan fungal.
Thiophanate-methyl: Yana da tsarin tsari da sakamako na warkewa, kuma ana amfani dashi ko'ina don sarrafa cututtuka na bishiyoyi, kayan lambu da furanni.
Masu gogewa: Ana amfani da shi don kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta gaba ɗaya.
Formaldehyde: ana amfani da shi don lalata ƙasa, tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi da kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a cikin greenhouse da maganin ƙasan greenhouse.
Chloropicrin: fumigant na ƙasa, ana amfani dashi don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, kwari da tsaba a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya dace da greenhouses, greenhouses da filin gona.
Ma'aikatan tsari: Shakewa ta hanyar tushen shuka ko ganye don cimma nasarar sarrafa shuka gaba ɗaya.
Tebuconazole: babban nau'in fungicides na tsari mai faɗi, yana kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar hana haɗin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na fungal, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin bishiyoyi, kayan lambu da kayan abinci.
Mai kiyayewa: ana amfani da su don hana lalata kyallen jikin shuka.
Copper sulfate: tare da bactericidal da maganin antiseptik, wanda aka saba amfani dashi don rigakafi da sarrafa cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na shuke-shuke da kuma hana lalacewar nama na shuka.
1.4 Dangane da halayen gudanarwa
Tsarin Fungicide: za a iya tunawa da shuka kuma ana gudanar da shi ga dukan shuka, tare da mafi kyawun tasiri.
Pyraclostrobin: sabon nau'in nau'in fungicides mai faɗi-nau'i mai fa'ida tare da rigakafi da tasirin warkewa, wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin bishiyoyi, kayan lambu da sauransu.
Pyraclostrobin Fungicide 25% SC
Maganin fungicides ba mai narkewa ba: kawai taka rawa a cikin shafin aikace-aikacen, ba zai motsa a cikin shuka ba.
Mancozeb: babban maganin fungicides mai fa'ida, wanda aka fi amfani dashi don sarrafa cututtukan fungal, ba zai motsa cikin shuka ba bayan aikace-aikacen.
1.5 Dangane da ƙwarewar aikin
Multi-site (ba na musamman) fungicides: yi aiki akan tsarin ilimin lissafi fiye da ɗaya na ƙwayoyin cuta.
Mancozeb: yana aiki akan matakai masu yawa na physiological na pathogen, yana da tasiri mai yawa na ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma yana hana cututtukan fungal iri-iri.
Single-site (na musamman) fungicides: kawai yi aiki akan takamaiman tsarin ilimin halittar jiki na pathogen.
Tebuconazole: Yana aiki akan takamaiman tsarin ilimin lissafi na ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar hana haɓakar membrane cell na fungal.
1.6 Bisa ga hanyoyi daban-daban na aiki
Kariyar fungicides: ciki har da lamba bactericidal sakamako da saura bactericidal sakamako.
Mancozeb: m-bakan kariya fungicides, amfani da su hana iri-iri na fungal cututtuka.
Susulfur dakatar: m-bakan fungicide, amfani da su hana da kuma sarrafa powdery mildew da tsatsa.
Tsarin fungicides: ciki har da apical conduction da basal conduction.
Pyraclostrobin: sabon tsarin fungicides mai fadi-bakan tare da rigakafi da tasirin warkewa.
Propiconazole: tsarin fungicides, wanda aka fi amfani dashi don rigakafi da kula da cututtuka na hatsi, itatuwan 'ya'yan itace da sauran amfanin gona.
Organic Fungicide Propiconazole 250g/L EC
1.7 bisa ga hanyar amfani
Maganin ƙasa:
Formaldehyde: ana amfani da shi don lalata ƙasa, yana kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa.
Maganin kara da ganye:
Carbendazim: Ana amfani da shi don fesa mai tushe da ganye don magance cututtukan fungal iri-iri.
Maganin iri:
Thiophanate-methyl: ana amfani dashi don maganin iri don hana ƙwayoyin iri da watsa cututtuka.
1.8 Dangane da nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban
Inorganic fungicides:
Cakuda Bordeaux: cakuda jan karfe sulfate da lemun tsami, fungicides mai fadi.
Sulfur: ana amfani dashi sosai wajen sarrafa mildew powdery, tsatsa da sauransu.
Organic fungicides:
Carbendazim: m-bakan fungicides, iko da iri-iri na fungal cututtuka.
Tebuconazole: m-bakan tsarin fungicide, hana kira na fungal cell membrane.
Kwayoyin fungicides:
Streptomycin: maganin rigakafi da ƙwayoyin cuta ke samarwa, galibi ana amfani da su don sarrafa cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Magungunan rigakafi na noma fungicides:
Streptomycin: maganin rigakafi, kula da cututtuka na kwayan cuta.
Tetracycline: maganin rigakafi, kula da cututtuka na kwayan cuta.
Fungicides da aka samo daga shuka:
Itacen shayi mai mahimmanci: tsantsa tsire-tsire na halitta tare da tasirin ƙwayoyin cuta mai faɗi.
1.9 Bisa ga nau'ikan tsarin sinadarai daban-daban
Abubuwan da suka samo asali na Carbamate fungicides:
Carbendazim: m-bakan fungicides don sarrafa iri-iri na fungal cututtuka.
Magungunan fungicides:
Metribuzin: wanda aka fi amfani dashi don magance ciyawa, shima yana da wasu tasirin fungicidal.
Fungicides heterocyclic membobi shida:
Pyraclostrobin: sabon tsarin fungicides mai fadi-fadi tare da rigakafi da tasirin warkewa.
Fungicides heterocyclic membobi biyar:
Tebuconazole: m-bakan tsarin fungicide, ya hana fungal cell membrane kira.
Organophosphorus da methoxyacrylate fungicides:
Methomyl: ana amfani da shi don sarrafa kwari, amma kuma yana da wani tasirin fungicidal.
Fungicides na jan karfe:
Cakuda Bordeaux: cakuda jan karfe sulfate da lemun tsami, haifuwa mai fa'ida.
Inorganic sulfur fungicides:
Sulfur dakatar: yadu amfani da iko da powdery mildew, tsatsa, da dai sauransu.
Organic arsenic fungicides:
Arsenic acid: babban guba, yanzu an shafe shi.
Sauran fungicides:
Cire tsire-tsire da sababbin mahadi (kamar itacen shayi mai mahimmanci): tasirin ƙwayar cuta mai fa'ida, kariyar muhalli da aminci.
Siffar fungicides
2.1 Foda (DP)
Ta hanyar magungunan kashe qwari na asali da filler inert an gauraye su cikin wani kaso, niƙaƙƙe da foda. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don fesa foda a samarwa.
2.2 Wettable foda (WP)
Shi ne ainihin magungunan kashe qwari, filler da wasu adadin abubuwan da ake ƙarawa, daidai da cikakken haɗuwa da murkushewa, don cimma wani nau'i mai kyau na foda. Ana iya amfani dashi don spraying.
2.3 Emulsion (EC)
Har ila yau, an san shi da "emulsion". Ta hanyar magungunan kashe qwari na asali bisa ga wani kaso na kwayoyin kaushi da emulsifiers da aka narkar da su a cikin ruwa mai tsabta. Ana iya amfani dashi don spraying. Emulsion yana da sauƙi don shiga cikin epidermis na kwari, fiye da foda mai laushi.
2.4 Aqueous (AS)
Wasu magungunan kashe qwari suna da sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma ana iya amfani da su da ruwa ba tare da ƙari ba. Kamar crystalline lithosulfuric acid, kwari biyu, da dai sauransu.
2.5 Granules (GR)
Anyi ta hanyar tallata wani adadin wakili tare da barbashi ƙasa, cinder, slag tubali, yashi. Yawancin lokaci ana murƙushe filler da magungunan kashe qwari tare a cikin wani ɗanɗano mai laushi na foda, ƙara ruwa da wakili mai taimako don yin granules. Ana iya yadawa da hannu ko na inji.
2.6 Wakilin dakatarwa (gel suspension) (SC)
Yin amfani da rigar matsananci-micro-niƙa, magungunan kashe qwari da aka tarwatsa a cikin ruwa ko mai da kuma surfactants, da samuwar danko mai gudana ruwa formulations. Wakilin dakatarwa gauraye da kowane kaso na ruwa don narke, dace da hanyoyi daban-daban don fesa. Bayan fesa, zai iya ajiye kashi 20% ~ 50% na maganin kashe kwari na asali saboda juriyar ruwan sama.
2.7 Fumigant (FU)
Yin amfani da m jamiái tare da sulfuric acid, ruwa da sauran abubuwa don amsa don samar da guba gas, ko kuma yin amfani da low- tafasasshen batu ruwa jamiái maras tabbas mai guba gas, fumigation a cikin rufaffiyar da sauran takamaiman yanayi kashe kwari da germs na shirye-shiryen.
2.8 Aerosol (AE)
Aerosol ruwa ne ko ingantaccen maganin mai, amfani da zafi ko ƙarfin injina, ruwan ya tarwatse a cikin wani ɗan gajeren lokaci na dakatarwar da ke cikin iska, ya zama iska.
Hanyar fungicides
3.1 Tasiri kan tsarin tantanin halitta da aiki
Fungicides suna hana haɓakawa da haifuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar cutar da samuwar ganuwar ƙwayoyin fungal da biosynthesis na membrane plasma. Wasu fungicides suna sa ƙwayoyin cuta ba su da kariya ta hanyar lalata haɗin bangon tantanin halitta, wanda a ƙarshe yana haifar da mutuwar tantanin halitta.
3.2 Tasiri kan samar da makamashin salula
Fungicides na iya tsoma baki tare da tsarin samar da makamashi na ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Alal misali, wasu fungicides suna hana glycolysis da fatty acid β-oxidation, ta yadda kwayoyin cuta ba za su iya samar da makamashi akai-akai ba, wanda a ƙarshe ya kai ga mutuwarsu.
3.3 Tasirin kira na abubuwan rayuwa na salula da ayyukansu
Wasu fungicides suna aiki ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da kira na fungal nucleic acid da proteins. Wadannan matakai na rayuwa suna da mahimmanci don haɓakawa da haifuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta; don haka, ta hanyar hana waɗannan matakai, fungicides na iya sarrafa abin da ya faru da yaduwar cututtuka yadda ya kamata.
3.4 Haɓaka tsarin sarrafa shuka
Wasu fungicides ba kawai suna aiki kai tsaye akan ƙwayoyin cuta ba, amma har ma suna haifar da juriya na cututtukan shuka. Wadannan fungicides na iya sa tsire-tsire su samar da "kayan rigakafi" waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin cuta ko shiga cikin metabolism don samar da abubuwan da ke aiki da ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka ƙara ƙarfin shuka ga cututtuka.
Kammalawa
Magungunan fungicides suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a aikin noma na zamani ta hanyar sarrafawa da rigakafin cututtukan shuka ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Daban-daban na fungicides suna da nasu halaye dangane da tsarin sinadarai, yanayin amfani, kaddarorin gudanarwa da tsarin aiki, wanda ya sa ana amfani da su sosai a aikace-aikacen noma daban-daban. Zaɓin zaɓi na hankali da amfani da magungunan kashe qwari na iya inganta yawan amfanin gona da ingancin amfanin gona yadda ya kamata tare da tabbatar da dorewar ci gaban noma.
FAQ
FAQ 1: Menene kwayoyin fungicides?
Kwayoyin fungicides sune fungicides da aka yi da kwayoyin halitta wanda ke dauke da carbon, wanda ke da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban da kuma nau'in tasirin kwayoyin cuta.
FAQ 2: Menene manyan nau'ikan fungicides?
Babban nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan fungicides sun haɗa da foda, foda mai laushi, mai emulsifiable, mafita mai ruwa, granules, gels, fumigants, aerosols da fumigants.
FAQ 3: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsarin fungicides da wanda ba na tsari ba?
Fungicides za a iya shayar da shi ta hanyar shuka kuma a watsa shi zuwa ga dukan shuka, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau; fungicides marasa sorbent suna aiki ne kawai a wurin aikace-aikacen kuma ba sa motsawa a cikin shuka.
FAQ 4: Ta yaya fungicides ke shafar metabolism na salula?
Fungicides suna hana haɓakawa da haifuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da haɗakar ƙwayoyin nucleic acid da sunadarai, suna shafar tsarin samar da makamashi, da lalata tsarin tantanin halitta.
FAQ 5: Menene fa'idodin fungicides da aka samo daga shuka?
Ana yin maganin fungicides na tsire-tsire daga tsire-tsire kuma gabaɗaya suna da ƙarancin guba, abokantaka da muhalli kuma basu da yuwuwar haɓaka juriya.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-01-2024
