Kwari ba zai iya lalata ci gaban shinkafa kawai ba, har ma yana watsa cututtukan da za su iya haifar da raguwa mai tsanani a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci. Don haka, ingantattun matakan kawar da kwarin shinkafa suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da wadatar abinci. Anan, zamuyi bayanin yadda ake magance kwari don tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaban shinkafa.
Tasirin kwarin shinkafa kan noman noma
Kwarin shinkafa na iya haifar da barna mai yawa, ciki har da kuda na shinkafa, da ganyen shinkafa, da naman shinkafa. Wadannan kwari suna haifar da mummunan tasiri ga girma da haɓakar shinkafa ta hanyar tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace, tauna ganye da lalata tushen tsarin. Bugu da kari, wasu kwari suna iya yada kwayar cutar da ke kara yin illa ga lafiyar shinkafa.
Lalacewar da kwari ke haifarwa
Tasirin haɓakar shinkafa
Tasirin kwari kan noman shinkafa yana bayyana ne ta fuskoki kamar haka:
Gasar cin abinci mai gina jiki: Kwari kai tsaye suna gogayya da shinkafa don samun abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar tsotse ruwan ganye da tauna ganye, wanda ke haifar da rashin abinci mai gina jiki.
Rauni na photosynthesis: kwari suna lalata ganyen shinkafa, suna rage yanayin photosynthesis da rage ingancin photosynthesis a cikin shinkafa.
Rushewar tsarin tushen: Kwari irin su naman shinkafa za su lalata tushen tsarin shinkafar, wanda ke shafar yadda shinkafar ke iya sha ruwa da taki.
Yaɗuwar kwayar cuta
Kwari irin su naman shinkafa ba wai kawai suna cutar da shinkafa kai tsaye ba, har ma suna aiki a matsayin vector ga ƙwayoyin cuta. Ta hanyar tsotsawa da tsotsawar kudarin shinkafa, ƙwayoyin cuta na iya yaɗuwa da sauri zuwa sauran shuke-shuken shinkafa, wanda ke haifar da barkewar cututtuka masu yawa, waɗanda ke yin tasiri sosai ga lafiya da yawan amfanin shinkafa.
Rage yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci
Lalacewar kwarin daga ƙarshe na iya haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin shinkafa da inganci. Shinkafa da kwari suka mamaye ba ta da cikakkiyar hatsi da ƙarancin inganci, wanda kai tsaye ke shafar tattalin arzikin manoma.
Nau'in Kwarin Shinkafa
Planthoppers
Planthoppers kwaro ne mai tsotsa wanda ke tsira ta hanyar tsotsar ruwan shinkafa. Wannan kwaro ba wai kawai ke haifar da bushewar shinkafa ba, har ma tana watsa cututtukan da ke haifar da illa ga lafiyar shinkafa. Akwai nau'ikan kuda na shinkafa da yawa, wanda kuda mai launin ruwan kasa da ƙuda mai goyan bayan fari suka fi yawa.
Rice Leaf Roller
Rice Leaf Roller larvae suna ciji ganyen shinkafa a mirgine su cikin silinda, yana rage wurin photoynthetic kuma yana shafar ci gaban shinkafa. Wannan kwaro na iya faruwa a kowane mataki na girma shinkafa kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan yawan amfanin shinkafa.
Ruwan Shinkafa Weevil
Larvae na ciyawar shinkafa ta fi ciyar da tushen shinkafa, yana lalata tsarin tushen shinkafar kuma yana rage karfin shinkafar na sha ruwa da taki, wanda ke haifar da rashin girmar shuka. Manya suna cin ganyen shinkafar, wanda kuma ke shafar ci gaban shinkafar.
Rice Armyworm
Rice Armyworms suna cin ganyen shinkafa, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, ana cinye ganyen gaba ɗaya, yana shafar photosynthesis da noman shinkafa. Rice Armyworms suna da yawan jama'a, suna haifuwa da sauri, kuma suna da matuƙar lalata ga kayan abinci na shinkafa.
Rice Thrips
Rice thrips wata karamar kwaro ce da ke rayuwa musamman ta hanyar tsotse ruwan ganyen shinkafa, wanda ke haifar da fararen tabo ko ratsi a ganyen, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani ganyen ya zama rawaya ya bushe. Rice thrips yana cutar da yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin shinkafa.
Rice Gall Midge
Larvae na gall na shinkafa na mamaye matasan shinkafar kuma su zama gall, suna yin tasiri ga ci gaban shinkafa na yau da kullun kuma a lokuta masu tsanani da ke haifar da gazawar amfanin gona. Rice gall midge yana da babban tasiri a kan ci gaban ci gaban shinkafa kuma yana da wuyar sarrafawa.
Rice Stem Borer
Rice Stem Borer na tonowa a cikin ciyawar shinkafa don ciyarwa, yana haifar da karyewa ko kuma ya mutu, yana shafar yawan amfanin gona da ingancin shinkafar. Matsayin tsutsa na Rice Stem Borer shine mataki mafi lalacewa, kuma matakan kulawa suna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan wannan matakin.
Shinkafa Bug
Kwayoyin shinkafa suna rayuwa ta hanyar tsotse ruwan shinkafa, wanda ke haifar da hatsin ya zama baki kuma ya bushe, wanda ke shafar girbi. Akwai nau'ikan bugu na shinkafa da yawa, amma mafi yawanci shine koren makafi.
Jakar Ganyen Shinkafa
Larvae na babban jakar ganyen shinkafa suna tauna ganyen shinkafa sannan su narkar da ganyen a cikin bututu, suna shafar photosynthesis kuma yana haifar da rashin ci gaba da raguwar amfanin gona. Ana buƙatar sarrafa Moth Leaf Shinkafa a farkon tsutsa don rage lalacewar shinkafa.
Gabatar da Magungunan Kwari da Aka Yi Amfani da su
Imidacloprid
Amfani: Ana amfani da shi ne musamman don sarrafa kuda na shinkafa, thrips shinkafa da sauran kwari masu tsotsa baki.
Halaye: Imidacloprid yana da kyawawan kaddarorin tsarin, da sauri zai iya shiga cikin tsire-tsire, yana da tsawon rai, kuma yana da kusanci ga ƙudan zuma da muhalli.
Chlorantraniliprole
Amfani: Yana da tasiri a kan tauna sassan bakin shinkafa, buguwar shinkafa da sauran kwari.
Halaye: Chlorantraniliprole yana da tasirin guba mai ƙarfi na taɓawa da ciki, tsawon lokacin inganci, da babban aminci ga muhalli da ƙwayoyin da ba su da manufa.
Thiamethoxam
Amfani: Ana amfani da shi sosai wajen sarrafa whitefly, weevil shinkafa da sauran kwari.
Halaye: Thiamethoxam yana da kaddarorin tsari da shiga, yana iya kashe kwari cikin sauri, kuma yana da ƙarancin saura, kuma yana da abokantaka da muhalli.
Karbendazim
Ana amfani da shi: Ana amfani da shi musamman don sarrafa ƙwayar gall shinkafa, thrips shinkafa da sauran kwari.
Halaye: Carbendazim yana da sakamako mai kyau na guba na tabawa da ciki, kuma yana da tasiri ga kwari iri-iri, kuma yana da kariya ga tsire-tsire da muhalli.
Acetamiprid
Amfani: Ana amfani da shi don sarrafa ƙwayar noman shinkafa, ƙwayar shinkafa da sauran kwari.
Halaye: Acephate yana da kyakkyawan tsarin tsari da tasiri, tare da dogon lokaci na tsayin daka da kuma tasirin kisa mai mahimmanci akan kwari.
Cypermethrin
Amfani: Ana amfani da shi sosai don hanawa da sarrafa kuda na shinkafa, shinkafa paddy asu da sauran kwari.
Halaye: Cypermethrin yana da tasirin guba mai ƙarfi na taɓawa da ciki, kyakkyawan sakamako mai saurin aiwatarwa, ƙarancin saura, da ingantacciyar lafiya ga muhalli.
Shawarwari akan amfani da maganin kashe kwari
Zaɓin maganin kashe kwari bisa ga nau'in kwari
Lokacin zabar maganin kwari, zaɓin ya kamata ya dogara ne akan takamaiman nau'in kwari. Kwari daban-daban suna da hankali daban-daban ga magungunan kwari daban-daban, kuma zaɓin sinadarai masu ma'ana zai iya inganta tasirin sarrafawa da rage ɓarna na sinadarai.
Amfani mai ma'ana na sashi da hanyoyin aikace-aikace
Lokacin amfani da maganin kashe kwari, yakamata a yi amfani da adadin daidai da umarnin don gujewa wuce gona da iri. Yawan wuce gona da iri ba kawai asarar sinadarai ba ne, har ma yana iya haifar da tasirin da ba dole ba a kan muhalli da halittun da ba su da manufa. Hakanan ya kamata a zaɓi hanyar aikace-aikacen bisa ga takamaiman yanayi, kamar feshi da tsoma iri, don cimma sakamako mafi kyau na sarrafawa.
Juyawa don hana juriya
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da maganin kwari iri ɗaya na dogon lokaci, kwari suna da wuyar haɓaka juriya, yana haifar da raguwa a cikin tasirin sarrafawa. Sabili da haka, ana bada shawara don juya amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan kwari daban-daban don hana kwari daga haɓaka juriya da tabbatar da tasirin sarrafawa.
Hadakar Dabarun Gudanarwa
Kula da Noma
Ana iya rage faruwa da lalacewar kwari ta hanyar matakan sarrafa aikin noma na kimiyya, kamar jujjuya amfanin gona na hankali, dasa iri masu jure cututtuka da inganta sarrafa filin.
Kula da Jiki
Yin amfani da kayan aiki na zahiri, kamar tarko, tarko mai haske, da sauransu, na iya rage yawan kwari yadda ya kamata tare da rage barnar kwari ga shinkafa.
Ikon Halittu
Ta hanyar gabatarwa ko kare maƙiyan kwari na halitta, irin su ƙwari, ƙwari, da sauransu.
Gudanar da sinadarai
Lokacin da ya cancanta, ana amfani da magungunan kashe qwari don sarrafawa, amma ya kamata a kula don daidaita adadin da kuma juya amfani don guje wa tasirin da ba dole ba a kan muhalli da kwayoyin da ba su da manufa.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-11-2024
