Glyphosate, Paraquat, da Glufosinate-ammonium su ne manyan magungunan biocidal guda uku. Kowannensu yana da halaye da fa'idojinsa. Kusan duk masu noman suna iya ambaton kaɗan daga cikinsu, amma taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani da taƙaitaccen bayani har yanzu ba a cika samun su ba. Suna da darajar taƙaitawa kuma suna da sauƙin haddace.
Glyphosate
Glyphosate wani nau'in nau'in organophosphorus ne na tsarin gudanarwa mai fa'ida, biocidal, ƙananan ciyawa mai guba. Yana hana enolacetyl shikimate phosphate synthase a cikin tsire-tsire, ta yadda zai hana canza shikidomin zuwa phenylalanine da tyrosine. Kuma jujjuyawar tryptophan, wanda ke tsoma baki tare da haɓakar furotin kuma yana haifar da mutuwar shuka. Glyphosate yana da ƙarfi sosai na tsarin aiki. Ba wai kawai za a iya tunawa da watsa shi zuwa sassan karkashin kasa ta hanyar mai tushe da ganye ba, amma kuma ana iya yada shi tsakanin masu shuka iri ɗaya. Yana da tasirin kisa mai ƙarfi a jikin kyallen ƙasa na ciyawa mai tushe mai tushe kuma yana iya isa zurfin da injinan noma na yau da kullun ba za su iya kaiwa ba. Bayan shigar da ƙasa, miyagun ƙwayoyi yana haɗuwa da sauri tare da ƙarfe, aluminum da sauran ions na ƙarfe kuma ya rasa aiki. Ba shi da wani mummunan tasiri a kan tsaba da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa kuma yana da lafiya ga abokan gaba na halitta da kwayoyin masu amfani.
Glyphosate ya dace da ciyawar gonaki kamar apples, pears, da citrus, da kuma mulberry berries, gonakin auduga, ba-har masara, ba-har sai shinkafar da aka shuka kai tsaye, gonakin roba, filayen fallow, gefen titi, da sauransu. yadda ya kamata kula da shekara-shekara da perennial ciyawa ciyawa, sedges da broadleaf weeds. Ga wasu ciyayi masu juriya sosai a cikin Liliaceae, Convolvulaceae da Leguminosae, ƙara yawan kashi ne kawai za'a iya sarrafa su yadda ya kamata.
Paraquat
Paraquat shine maganin ƙwayar cuta mai saurin aiwatar da lamba wanda ke da tasirin lalata mai ƙarfi akan koren nama na shuke-shuke. Ganyen ciyawa za su fara lalacewa kuma su canza launin sa'o'i 2-3 bayan an shafa maganin ciyawa. Magungunan ba shi da tasirin tafiyar da tsarin kuma yana iya lalata wurin da ake amfani da shi kawai, amma ba zai iya lalata tushen shuka da tsaba da ke ɓoye a cikin ƙasa ba. Saboda haka, ciyawa na sake farfadowa bayan aikace-aikacen. Ba za a iya shiga cikin bawon da aka yi da shi. Da zarar an yi hulɗa da ƙasa, za a daskare shi kuma a bar shi. Paraquat ya shahara sosai saboda fa'idodinsa kamar tasiri mai sauri, juriya ga zaizayar ruwan sama, da babban farashi. Duk da haka, yana da guba sosai kuma yana cutar da mutane da dabbobi. Da zarar an sha guba, babu takamaiman maganin rigakafi.
Glufosinate - ammonium
1. Yana da faffadan maganin ciyawa. Yawancin ciyawa suna kula da Glufosinate-ammonium. Wadannan ciyawa sun hada da: cowgrass, bluegrass, sedge, bermudagrass, barnyard grass, ryegrass, bentgrass, rice sedge, Special-shaped Sedge, crabgrass, daji licorice, ƙarya stinkweed, masara ciyawa, roughleaf flower ciyawa, yawo ciyawa, daji amaranth, sedge. ciyawa mara kyau (ciyawar juyin juya hali), chickweed, ƙananan ƙuda, surukai, doki Amaranth, Brachiaria, Viola, filin bindweed, Polygonum, jakar makiyayi, chicory, plantain, ranunculus, numfashin jariri, Turai Senecio, da dai sauransu.
2. Fitattun halayen aiki. Glufosinate-ammonium yana buƙatar ruwan sama na tsawon sa'o'i 6 bayan fesa don haɓaka ingancinsa. A ƙarƙashin yanayin filin, saboda ana iya lalata shi da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa, tushen tsarin ba zai iya ɗaukar shi ba ko kuma ya sha kadan. Mai tushe da ganye Bayan jiyya, ganyen suna haɓaka phytotoxicity da sauri, don haka iyakance tafiyar da Glufosinate-ammonium a cikin phloem da xylem. Babban zafin jiki, zafi mai zafi, da ƙarfin haske mai girma suna haɓaka ɗaukar Glufosinate-ammonium kuma yana haɓaka aikin sosai. Ƙara 5% (W/V) ammonium sulfate zuwa maganin fesa zai iya inganta sha na Glufosinate-ammonium da kuma inganta aikin Glufosinate-ammonium yadda ya kamata a ƙarƙashin ƙananan yanayin zafi. Hankali na jerin shuke-shuke zuwa Glufosinate-ammonium yana da alaƙa da shayarwar herbicides, don haka ammonium sulfate yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ciyawa tare da ƙarancin hankali.
3. Amintaccen muhalli, Glufosinate-ammonium yana saurin lalacewa ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa, kuma leaching a yawancin ƙasa bai wuce 15 cm ba. Ruwan ƙasa da ake da shi yana shafar haɓakarsa da lalacewa, kuma a ƙarshe yana sakin carbon dioxide. Ba a gano ragowar ba a lokacin girbin amfanin gona kuma rabin rayuwar shine kwanaki 3-7. 32 days bayan kara da ganye magani, game da 10% -20% na mahadi da lalata kayayyakin sun kasance a cikin ƙasa, da kuma ta 295 kwanaki, da saura matakin ya kusa 0. La'akari da muhalli aminci, short rabin rayuwa da matalauta motsi a cikin. ƙasa ta yi Glufosinate-ammonium kuma ta dace da ciyawar daji.
4. Fadin al'amura. Tun da Glufosinate-ammonium yana da nau'in nau'in herbicidal mai faɗi, yana raguwa cikin sauri a cikin muhalli kuma yana da ƙarancin guba ga ƙwayoyin da ba su da manufa, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da shi azaman maganin ciyawa bayan gaggawa a cikin gonakin amfanin gona. Fasahar Bioengineering Wannan yana ba da damar. A halin yanzu, Glufosinate-ammonium yana matsayi na biyu kawai zuwa Glyphosate a cikin bincike da haɓaka amfanin gona da aka canza ta hanyar maganin ciyawa. A halin yanzu, amfanin gona na Glufosinate-ammonium mai jure yanayin halitta sun haɗa da fyade, masara, waken soya, auduga, gwoza sugar, shinkafa, sha'ir, alkama, hatsin rai, dankalin turawa, shinkafa, da dai sauransu. Babu shakka Glufosinate-ammonium yana da babbar kasuwa ta kasuwanci. A cewar wasu bayanai, Glufosinate-ammonium na iya hanawa da sarrafa kamuwa da cutar kumburin shinkafa da kuma rage yankunan da take samarwa. Yana da babban aiki akan fungi wanda ke haifar da kumburin sheath, sclerotinia da pythium wilt, kuma yana iya hanawa da magance shi a lokaci guda. Ciwo da cututtukan fungal a cikin amfanin gona na Glufosinate-ammonium transgenic. Fesa adadin Glufosinate-ammonium na yau da kullun akan filayen waken soya mai jure Glufosinate-ammonium yana da wani tasirin hanawa akan ƙwayar waken soya Pseudomonas infestans kuma yana iya hana ko jinkirta haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. Saboda Glufosinate-ammonium yana da halaye na babban aiki, mai kyau sha, m herbicidal bakan, low toxicity, da kyau muhalli dacewa, shi ne wani kyakkyawan herbicide bayan Glyphosate.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-26-2024
